Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is an allergic inflammation of the nose and eyes. It occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to allergens, such as pollen, dust, mold, or pet dander, in the air. When a person with allergic rhinitis is exposed to an allergen, their immune system releases histamine and other chemicals, which cause the symptoms of the allergy.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis: typically include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose, eyes, and throat, and post-nasal drip. Allergic rhinitis can cause a person to have difficulty sleeping and may lead to fatigue, irritability, and poor concentration. Also it can be accompanied with other allergy symptoms like itching and redness in the eyes, headache and dark circles around the eyes.

Allergic rhinitis can be classified into two categories:

  1. seasonal allergic rhinitis, which is triggered by allergens such as pollen during certain seasons of the year.
  2. perennial allergic rhinitis, which occurs year-round and is usually caused by allergens such as dust mites or pet dander.

Treatment for allergic rhinitis: may include over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids. Immunotherapy, commonly known as allergy shots, can also be effective in reducing symptoms. Avoiding exposure to allergens, and using nasal irrigation, can also help to relieve symptoms.